旧解多以小山为“屏”,其实未允。此由(1)不知全词脉络,误以首句与下无内在联系;(2)不知“小山”为眉样专词,误以为此乃“小山屏”之简化。又不知“叠”乃眉蹙之义,遂将“重叠”解为重重叠叠。然“小山屏”者,译为今言,谓“小小的山样屏风”也,故“山屏”即为“屏山”,为连词,而“小”为状词;“小”可省减而“山屏”不可割裂而止用“山”字。既以“小山”为屏,又以“金明灭”为日光照映不定之状,不但“屏”“日”全无着落,章法脉络亦不可寻矣。
重,在诗词韵语中,往往读平声而义为去声,或者反是,全以音律上的得宜为定。此处声平而义去,方为识音。叠,相当于蹙眉之蹙字义,唐诗有“双蛾叠柳”之语,正此之谓。金,指唐时妇女眉际妆饰之“额黄”,故诗又有“八字宫眉捧额黄”之句,其良证也。
已将眉喻为山,再将鬓喻为云,再将腮喻为雪,是谓文心脉络。盖晨间闺中待起,其眉蹙锁,而鬓已散乱,其披拂之发缕,掩于面际,故上则微掩眉端额黄,在隐现明灭之间;下则欲度腮香,——度实亦微掩之意。如此,山也,金也,云也,雪也,构为一幅春晓图,十分别致。
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